Guatemala, 1999
Engraved Handcuffs and Guard
Dimensions variable
“Las mujeres callan porque, aleccionadas por la religión, creen firmemente que la resignación es virtud; callan por miedo a la violencia del hombre; callan por costumbre de sumisión; callan, en una palabra, porque en fuerza de siglos de esclavitud han llegado a tener alma de esclavas.”—María Lejárraga, 1917
“Women remain silent because, taught by religion, they firmly believe that resignation is a virtue; they remain silent from fear of man’s violence; remain silent from the habit of submission; remain silent, because after the force of centuries of slavery, they now have soul of slaves.” —María Lejárraga, 1917
I was invited by Belia de Vico to exhibit in her intimate gallery space located in a prestigious shopping mall in Guatemala. The installation consisted of handcuffs that were engraved Ella de El (She of Him), referring to the marriage tradition in many Latin American countries of taking the husband’s name with the preposition of, thus becoming property of men. Also, in Spanish the word handcuffs (esposas) it’s the same as the plural for female spouse (esposas).
As part of the installation a security guard was hired to watch over the handcuffs. On the last weekend of exhibition, my husband and artist Roni Mocán, did a performance replacing the guard.
Recuerdo de nuestra boda (Memories of Our Wedding)
Mandel Katz, Claudia. “Estéticas del borde. Prácticas artísticas y violencia contra las mujeres en Latinoamérica,” San José (Costa Rica): Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 2016
Quiñones Otal, Emilia. “¿Cómo enfrentar la violencia en un territorio que vive de ello?” in the thesis “Transversalidad entre Violencia Patriarcal y Violencia Colonial: en las Artes Visuales de México, América Central y el Caribe Español.” Universitat de Valencia, 2014, pp 377-385
Peréz-Ratton, Virginia, “Performance and Action Work in Central America, 1960-2000: A Political and Aesthetic Choice,” in Deborah Cullen (ed.,) Arte No es Vida, Actions by Artists of the Americas 1960-2000, 204-213. New York: El Museo del Barrio, 2008
Toledo, Aida and Anabella Acevedo. “Through their Eyes: Reflections on Violence in the Work of Guatemalan Performance and Installation Artists.” N.Paradoxa, International Feminist Art Journal (London, UK). Volume 21 (January 2008): 56-66
Toledo, Aida. “En el performance y la instalación. Espacios imaginarios de artistas guatemaltecas” (On Performance and Installation: Imaginary Spaces of Guatemalan Women Artists), Revista Isis Internacional (Chile), 2002
Valoarte X Edición,
Avenida Escazú, San José, Costa Rica
November 8–December 15, 2012
Título de propiedad (Ownership Title)
Installation of engraved handcuffs
Dimensions variable
Título de propiedad
Galería Belia de Vico / Arte contemporáneo, Guatemala
November 4–14, 1999
Título de propiedad (Ownership Title)
Installation of engraved handcuffs and guard
Dimensions variable